INTRODUCTION TO GEOLOGY
Geology
Geology is the science which is devoted to the study of the earth. It deals with all the features of the earth’s surface and with the origin, composition, structure and inhabitants of the earth.
Branches of Geology
The field of geology is very large and it is divided into several branches.
Physical GeologyPhysical geology is concerned with the work of natural processes which bring changes upon the earth’s surface.
PetrologyThe discussion of the different kinds of rocks is known as petrology. It deals with the study of composition, structure and origin of rocks.
MineralogyMineralogy includes the study of mineral composition, structure, appearance, stability, occurrence and associations.
Structural GeologyThis branch of geology deals with the study of structures of rocks in the earth’s crust.
StratigraphyIt is the science of the description, correlation and classification of strata in sedimentary rocks including the interpretation of the depositional environments of those strata.
PalaeontologyPalaeontology is the science of fossils of ancient life forms and their evolution.
Historical GeologyThe study of stratigraphy and Palaeontology is included under the historical geology. It gives us a picture of the land and seas, the climate and life of early times upon the earth.
Economic GeologyThe economic geology deals with the study of minerals, ores and fossil fuels of economic importance.
Mining GeologyThis branch of geology is concerned with the study of application of geology to mining engineering.
Engineering GeologyThe engineering geology includes the study of application pf geology to civil engineering.
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